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- WORLD, Page 54SPAIN"I Used to Have Little Faith in the U.S."
-
-
- On the eve of elections, Prime Minister Felipe Gonzalez talks
- about his changing political views
-
- By Felipe Gonzalez
-
-
- Halfway through an 18-day re-election campaign, Spanish
- Prime Minister Felipe Gonzalez Marquez finds himself attacked
- on several fronts. Once friendly trade unions complain that the
- Socialist leader has forsaken his party's traditional ideology
- by freezing social benefits and allowing 16% unemployment.
- Businessmen, who still applaud Gonzalez's successful campaign
- to attract foreign investment and reduce inflation, now fret
- about high interest rates and a growing trade deficit.
-
- But after seven years in office, Gonzalez -- and,
- apparently, the electorate -- remains unfazed by the criticism;
- he is expected to lead his party to a third consecutive victory
- on Oct. 29. The Prime Minister feels confident enough about the
- outcome to leave the campaign trail and visit Washington this
- week, his first official trip to the U.S. since 1984 and his
- first substantive meeting with President George Bush since the
- two countries renewed their defense agreement last year and
- arranged for the transfer of 72 U.S. Air Force fighters from
- Spain to Italy.
-
- Gonzalez talked for two hours with correspondent Margot
- Hornblower and TIME's Jane Walker at the neoclassical Moncloa
- Palace, the Prime Minister's official residence. Excerpts:
-
- Q. How are Spain's relations with the U.S.?
-
- A. They are much better today than they have been for a
- long time. When we had a dictatorship, our relations with the
- U.S. were, shall we say, "special." It could not have been
- particularly agreeable for the U.S. to deal with an
- authoritarian regime, but they considered it necessary from a
- geostrategic viewpoint. We have gone through a difficult period
- when we had to negotiate a new agreement on a different footing.
- The former regime (of General Francisco Franco) posed no problem
- for the U.S., but that comfortable relationship was lost. Now
- we have one of mutual acceptance and respect.
-
- Q. What will you discuss with Bush?
-
- A. I don't want to advance any agenda. I think that the
- U.S. will be interested to know the Spanish views on the process
- of unity in Europe. We are one of the countries that are most
- determined to see a European unity, not only a free-trade zone.
-
- Q. What do you think of American policy in Latin America?
-
- A. A much more daring attitude toward the debt problem is
- vital. North American banks have been far too rigid. There
- should be not only a North Atlantic relationship between Europe
- and the U.S. but also a triangular one between Europe, the U.S.
- and Latin America. This has never been properly understood by
- the U.S.
-
- Q. What about U.S. policy in Panama?
-
- A. They should respect and comply with the (Panama Canal)
- treaties. And there should be no intervention in Panama. We
- must exclude any possibility of intervention, even in speeches.
-
- Q. Is it true that Spain is the most liberal country in
- Europe?
-
- A. There is an explosion that occurs when freedoms are
- granted after a dictatorial regime. On the other hand, Spain is
- a Mediterranean society that lives a lot in the streets. At 3
- in the morning, Madrid streets are still full of people coming
- out of restaurants, having a drink.
-
- Q. And taking cocaine . . .
-
- A. Perhaps.
-
- Q. Openly.
-
- A. Yes, but I believe this is no different from other
- European countries. In 1970, during the Franco era, the Supreme
- Court decriminalized the use of drugs.
-
- Q. Many Spaniards feel that permissiveness has gone too far.
-
- A. No more than in France, Italy or the U.S., but one is
- more aware of it here because my generation was repressed.
- Sometimes people complain that there are certain kinds of movies
- on television at 2 a.m. I have never watched television at 2
- a.m.
-
- Q. Your party is called Socialist. What does that mean to
- you?
-
- A. Ask the Hungarians to help me on this one (chuckle).
- Socialism is the deepening of democracy. Public power must try
- to prevent the worst consequences of a society that lives off
- free competition and savage confrontation in the marketplace.
- A mixed economy on a world scale is inescapable. The great error
- of Communism is that of the dinosaurs. They did not adapt, so
- they died. You can't be socially effective if, at the same time,
- you're not economically efficient.
-
- Q. If you are a party of the workers, why do the unions
- oppose you?
-
- A. I think that any union, if it is a free one, has to make
- demands on any government, whatever its color. We have come out
- of a crisis, the economy is growing, everyone wants to be the
- first when it comes to enjoying the fruits of this growth. The
- workers, when it comes to actually voting, vote for the
- Socialist Party.
-
- Q. Your critics say you are no longer a populist, that you
- have locked yourself away and that you now sail on yachts.
-
- A. I do not like going out to make populist pronouncements
- and cut ribbons. But it is a slander to say I live the life of
- the rich. If I go fishing in a six-meter launch, it is always
- described as a yacht. I honestly do not believe I have lost a
- sense of what is happening in the street.
-
- Q. Have any of your views changed?
-
- A. I will make a confession. I used to have little faith in
- the U.S., and this was still true when I came into office. I
- held the Americans responsible for the duration of the Franco
- dictatorship. But I changed as I came to know the U.S. a little
- more. Americans want so much to be liked. But they also have
- enormous power, and that is not easily compatible with the
- affection of other people. This gives me a feeling of
- tenderness toward them.
-
-